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Consonant minimal pairs

These pairs isolate the consonant contrasts learners most often merge: th with s or t, v with b, and p with f. Focus on where your tongue and lips are rather than on the sound itself. Say both words of a pair aloud in sequence and feel the position change.


15 words · intermediate · your accent and voice are remembered across the site. More options on the settings page.

The words

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Rendezvous, croissant, entrepreneur, faux pas: French words English kept and half-anglicised.
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Button, water, bottle: many speakers swap the T for a catch in the throat. Hear where it happens.
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In British English the R comes back when a vowel follows. Hear far versus far away.
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Sixths, strengths, twelfths, world: short words that are far harder than they look.
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Cat and cut, bed and bad, cop and cup. One vowel apart, completely different words.
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Affect and effect, desert and dessert, accept and except. Similar words, different sounds.
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Keep practising

Browse every practice list or the word index, hear two accents back to back on Compare, or test your ear with the listening quiz.

To read the rules behind these words, see the pronunciation guides — including silent letters, word stress and American vs British. Or hear each accent on its own page: American, British, Australian.